Batt waste packing



Feb. 12, 1957 T. w. POTTER 2,781,239

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L IT TO E N E f BATT WASTE PACKING ythomas W. Potter, Chicago, Ill., assigner to Journal Box Servicing Corporation, Indianapolis, Ind., a corporation ot indiana Application November l2, 1953, Serial No. 391,654

4 Claims. (Cl. 308-88) This invention relates to a new approach in the art of railway rolling stock journal box waste packing. The invention involves the formation and resultant product of forming yarns either wool, or cotton, or a combination of wool and cotton yarns into a batt having, very specific requirements in respect to the construction thereof.

A plurality of individual batts are employed to pack the journal box, one batt against another batt, and` each individual batt is exactly the same in construction as that of all other batts.

ln general, each batt comprises a core of ducking comprising a width of the ducking folded one portion over onto another portion, and from which ducking, yarn extends in loops in the manner of chenille knitting, the yarn extending from the ends as well as from the sides of the core. The plane between the two folded sides of the core, in each instance, is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the journal when the batts are placed in the journal box.

Herebefore, the journal box has been packed by a matted mass of threads generally termed waste which has been thoroughly soaked in lubricating oil, and the amount of the waste applied to each journal box is within the range of the skill of the operator to determine. This waste is rammed back under the journal from the end door of the box, and is pushed back under there with a varying degree of pressure. This manner of applying lubricating means to the journal is extremely old in the art of lubrication in respect to railway rolling stock.

However, as is well known, there happens occasionally that the lubrication by such means fails and the journal becomes excessively heated, in fact in some cases to that extent where the axle breaks ol with the end result that the particular car loses a wheel and a wreck ensues.

Much study has been done in the last few years as to the cause of this lubrication failure, and it has generally been traced to the fact that in the extreme harsh usage of railway cars, particularly freight cars, that in sudden stopping of the car, such as is had when the cars are being switched in hump yards to make up or break up trains, the suddent stoppage means that the inertia of the large mass of the axles and wheels tends to cause those members to travel on forwardly after the journal box carried by the side frames comes to a halt. The result is that the journals tend to travel toward one side of the journal box and in so doing lift the brasses. In this situation, the waste tends to be pushed around the journal to allow some of the end bers particularly of the waste to slip in between the journal and the raised brass with the result that when the car comes to a complete standstill, there is what is known as a waste grab. Then when the car is set in motion again as a component part of a train, this Waste grab becomes heated and in fact the entire mass of waste then begins to burn and produces a great amount of heat, with the resultant disastrous end as above indicated. Also there has to be taken into consideration, that in this loose waste, par- 2,781,239 Patented Feb. 12, 1957 ticularly when new waste is employed, that there will be quite a bit of lint separated from the thread strands and this lint may also work between the journal and the brass to be subjected to the high pressures therebetween with the result that under friction, this lint again destroys the lubrication in that particular journal box.

The art is full of attempts to overcome this particular failure of loose waste packing in a journal box. One particular way has been recently to provide means for preventing lateral travel of the journal in respect to the journal box so as to avoid tipping of the brass which produces the opening on that side of the journal into which the waste would normally be carried by the very reason of the turning` action of the journal itself. However, there still remains the diiculty of loose waste being applied in the journal box which still presents a` potential hazard.

The present invention is a discovery' by applicantI who has long been in the field of railway journal lubrication. There are many, many advantages offered by the present invention, some of which advantages are as follows:

By the use of a pluralityl of separate, yarn batts in one journal box, a forward batt in the box presents a relatively large area which knits effectively into the backappearing batt by the presence of the exposed loops of yarn, and also even in the absence of such interengagement by matting, there is the overall frictional area contact between the two batts, all of which means that the entire lubricating mass composed of the several batts is more prone to remain in position along the floor of the box under the journal and thereby resist travel around the box.

A further advantage resides in the fact that every minute particle of the entire batt is oil absorbent and hence constitutes a vehicle for feeding oil upwardly from the door of the box to the surface of the journal against which the upper portions of the batt bear.

Again, each batt is so formed as will hereinafter be described that there are no loose or free ends of the yarn exposed which, under normal wear, would become shorter and thus in that shortening operation wear down and provide free lint in the journal box.

The looped ends of the yarn only are in journal Contact.

rEhe very nature of the construction of the batt in each instance provides a normally non-glazing surface of yarn contact against the journal.

The actual content of each batt may be varied as between wool and cotton by providing the desired number of threads of wool and the desired number of threads of cotton in each strand of yarn or either all wool or all cotton threads in the yarn, and securing the resultant strands to the ducking core whereby there is a uniform ydistribution of either wool or cotton yarn or the mixed wool-cotton yarn throughout the entire batt.

All yarn carried by the core is presented therefrom in uniform lengths Without free ends and by attachment to the ducking, such lengths are not further increased nor decreased but remain substantially constant.

By use of the separate batts, a definite number of these batts may be specied to be applied to each journal box so that nothing is left to the discretion of the yard man who is charged with repacking the box. By specifying the specific number of batts per box, there is automatically determined the definite amount of yarn and oil which is carried in each box.

As above indicated, the particular' construction of the batt constituting the present invention insures that there will be no linting from free yarn ends.

ln the batt form, the yarn is much easier to clean and be reoiled as compared to the herebefore employed loose end mass of interentangled yarn fibers.

No metal parts are required at any time to maintain invention will become apparent to those versed in the art,

particularly in view of the following description of the invention in the one particular form as herein illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the draw-ings in which Fig. l is a View in side elevation and partial section with portions of the yarn removed to disclose the core construction;

Fig. 2 is a view in diagrammatic representation in section on the line 2-2 in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a detail of an end portion of the stranded Yam;

Fig. 4 is a central vertical longitudinal section through a typical journal box packed with batts embodying the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a view in transverse vertical section on the line 5-5 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a detail in vertical section in diagrammatic form illustrating the disposition of end loops of the batt in a specic direct-ion of rotation of the journal; and

Fig. 7 a view similar to Fig. 6 showing the disposition of the yarn looped portions with reversed travel of the journal.

The core generally designated by the numeral 10 is made out of a rather tightly woven fabric such as ducking hereinafter termed duck, cotton duck being entirely satisfactory. An important characteristic of this duck is that it has no sizing nor any fillers, and is generally known commercially as a soft duck. The duck preferred for the present invention is what is termed in the trade as fourteen ounce duck.

To this core 10 is applied yarn by any suitable process, the present process being employed being that of chenille knitting whereby a length of yarn is passed through the duck and brought back out again therefrom into a looped form and thence back through the duck and so on throughout the width of the duck. Referring to Fig. 2, the core duck 10 has a single length of yarn 11 carried downwardly through the duck 10 with a short length 12 appearing on the under side, and from which short length 12, the yarn is carried upward by length 11a and brought out into a loop 13 and thence back downwardly through the duck 10 and so on entirely a'cross the duck 1t) in a substantially straight line. These lines may be called the weft lines `across a duck 10.

In my invention, it has been discovered that the spacing apart of the passage of the yarn 11 through the duck 16 is preferably around approximately one-eighth of an inch. These weft rows are spaced along the duck in the warp direction approximately one-fourth to ve-sixteenths of an inch. After the yarn has so been applied to the duck 10, a length of that duck approximately six and a half inches long and twelve inches wide is folded backside to backside, Fig. l along a fold line 15 with the edges 16 and 17 coinciding, and the duck is then stitched through by one or more, herein shown as two rows of stitching 18 entirely across the material. The yarn is parted back so that the stitching extends only through the duck 10. Previously, the ends 19 and 2t) have been hemmed so as to prevent any unraveling of the cut edges.

ln addition to the hemming, the ends of the yarn designated by the numerals 21 `and 22, Fig. 2, are cut off substantially even with the outer edge of the duck. In addition, the end loops 13 such as 13a, 13b, 13C, are folded inwardly from the duck edges 19 and 20 as indicated in Fig. 2, and the outermost loops 13a and 13b at least are stitched through by the line of stitching 23, this stitching 23 extending entirely through both of the overlapped portionsl ofthe duckv 10 so that effectively, the loops 13a-13e extend from the duck 10 by shorter lengths than do the loops 13 across the major portion of the duck. This stitching 23 not only serves to perform that function of providing shortened loop lengths at the ends of the core 10, but also serves to secure the two folds of the duck 10 one against the other in flat condition. This stitching 23 is permanent. That is, the stitching 23 is not intended to be removed at any time.

A further important characteristic of the yarn 11 is that it be twisted not only in respect to the individual strands 24, 25, and 26, as illustrated in Fig. 3 where a three strand yarn is shown, but the yarn thus composed is given at least three twists 27 in its length extending from the core 10 to the outer looped end portion 13.

In respect to Fig. 3, while the yarn 11 is shown as having only three strands 24, 25, and 26, the numbers of these strands and their diameters individually may be greatly varied depending upon the specitcations of the yarn which may be desired. For example, there may be provided a yarn 11 which would have three wool strands and seven cotton strands to give it predominance of cotton in the yarn, but in any event this particular forming of the yarn may be varied as indicated for the desired specication. It is understood of course that an individual strand 24 lis made up of the spun fiber so that there is a twist imparted in the beginning in the individual strand, as well as a winding or twisting of the strands in the yarn 11, and then the overall yarn is given at least three twists 27 as indicated in Fig. 2.

It is to be observed, Fig. 2, that the loops 12 which are the short lengths appearing on the underside of the vduck 10 in each instance are entirely concealed and covered over by the overlapping sides designated as sides 28 and 29. It is to be pointed out thatwhile Fig. 2 is a simple diagrammatic representation of the formation of the batt, the loops 13 will appear in great numbers and be more or less interspersed one with another across the batt and around it, as is suggested in Fig. l. Nevertheless the loops 13 will remain in their individual looped form in the main, and what is illustrated in Fig. 1 is more or less the intermediate length portions of the yarn appearing outside of the duck 10 in the batt. For identilication, each individual batt is identified by the numeral 30. As indicated in Fig. 4, there are shown six of these batts 30 pressed back under the journal 31 in the lower portion of the journal box 32 which is the usual practice in locating the lubricant bearing material. As wouldl be observed, the core 1t) in each instance is disposed in a vertical plane, one side 28 being in parallel and substantially contacting relation with the other side 29. The exposed loops of yarn appearing on the sides of the batts will be in compressive engagement with the yarn of the adjacent batt 30.

As indicated in Fig. 5, the core 10 is disposed substantially centrally between the under side of the journal 31 and the floor of the box 32. Also the ends of the core 10 are covered over by the overlapping loops of yarn 11, and it is further to be observed that the lengths of these end loops are shortened as above explained by reason of the stitching 23 being supplied along lines removed frorn the Vouter ends 19 and 20 of the core 10. That is to say, the ends of the core 10 and the ends 21 and 22 of the yarn at those core ends are completely covered over by these shortened yarn lengths 13a-13e.

There is a peculiar propery provided to prevent undue glazing of fibers of the yarn in contact with the journal 31. Referring to Fig. 6 in diagrammatic representation, the journal 31 is assumed to be turning in a clockwise direction. In that case, the majority of the exposed loop ends 13 by reason of their being presented on the ends of the twisted yarn will tend to turn and be directed in the direction of the peripheral travel of the journal 31. On the other hand, Fig. 7, when the journal 31 is turning in a counterclockwise direction, these loops 13 will iu the main, tend to be carried therearound and present the opposite sides of those loops to be in contact with the journal 3l. That is, there is a reversal of the positioning of the loops 13 in respect to the journal 31 set up by the two directions of travel which the journal 31 will normally have from time to time as the car having that journal will be incorporated in the train going first in one direction and then in another direction. This peculiar operation of the yarn when it is so formed and so presented from the core lo provides this very desirable action so that even with an all cotton yarn, glazing is substantially eliminated, or so greatly reduced as to be inconsequential. The loops 13 extend outwardly from the core lt? substantially three to three and one half inches in the present desi-gn of the batt, which design is working very satisfactorily under the worst possible conditions, such as in cars handling iron ore. By using batts 3i? made up in the manner above described, each batt will be compressed vertically as it is placed under the journal 3l over the floor 33 of the box 32 so that there is this initial compressive action set up not only to insure proper flow of lubricant upwardly to the journal 3i, but also to induce a suiicient frictional engagement with the floor 33 so as to prevent circumferential travel of the batt in relation to the box 32.

Gne batt now in successful use employs a core in its folded condition measuring approximately from three to three and one-quarter inches in width and eleven to twelve inches in length, and made of fourteen ounce duck, and carries sutiicient yarn to bring the overall batt weight up to from eight to nine ounces, without the lubricant included.

The batt structure affords an improved oil lter in the journal box. The packinf7 in the box serves to feed oil from the lower portion of the packing adjacent the box floor upwardly to the journal, and the journal acts as a pump to carry the oil from its contact with the packing up to the bearing brass and between the brass babbitt and the journal to produce the necessary oil film therebetween. In so doing, an excess of oil is carried from the packing and this excess flows back down `onto the packing exposed between the side of the journal and the side of the box. This excess oil is filtered as it is absorbed and tends to drop through the Waste. By reason of the peculiar presentation of the yarn in its twisted, looped regular formation, and also by reason of the presence of the hat duck cores, the foreign matter picked up by this returning oil, such as particles of babbitt, carbon, and dirt getting into the box such as happens when there is a defective dust guard, is effectively confined primarily to the surface Zone of the end loops of the batts in each instance, and at most is stopped from penetrating the core 10. This core 10 is thus maintained free of foreign matter and clean oil is free to pass up through the core between the contacting adjacent sides, aided by the presence therebetween of the short yarn loops 12. By reason of there being a plurality of these cores 12 in side by side, yarn spaced apart relation. Since the loops 13 which appear across the ends of the cores 10 are, at least those nearest the journal, under less compression than are those immediately above and below the core 10, the return oil is freer to work down across and into those end loops than it is into the more compressed loops and hence the return oil is filtered in zones directed away from upwardly travelling oil.

Moreover by reason of the regular formation of the yarn into twisted, looped portions, with the yarn composed :of a plurality of strands of a plurality of threads, the foreign matter of minute particles is entrapped on the yarn rather than being owed along individual threads as would be the case in the heretofore employed thread waste.

Therefore while I have herein described my invention into one particular form, it is obvious that structural changes may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I therefore do not intend to be limited to that precise form, particularly in respect to the dimensions which may vary particularly for different sizes of journals and boxes and the like, nor in the particular formation :of the yarn which is attached to the batt core, beyond the limitations which may be imposed by the following claims.

I claim:

l. The combination with a railway journal box having a door, front and back ends, and side walls between which walls a journal extends from said back end in spaced relation from said door and said walls, a journal lubricating packing for feeding oil from over said floor upwardly against said journal by capillary action comprising a plurality of oil carrying batts positioned compressively one against another across said floor under the journal; each of said batts comprising a hat, planar, rectangular core of two layers of duck, one layer coextensive and united one with the other around all of their edges providing two opposite outer, approximately flat face side areas; twisted yarn loops in compressive contact one with the other and xed to and extending from the core outer face areas and projecting beyond the top and bottom edges thereof; said batts being disposed in said packing with said cores each individually isolated one from the other by means of said yarn loops in spaced apart, approximately vertically disposed planes at right angles to the axis of said journal; said yarn loops between adjacent cores providing an uninterrupted, vertically disposed channel :of yarn loops for capillary travel of the oil from the box floor to the journal.

2. The structure of claim 1 in which said box floor is arcuate in transverse section and said batts have vertical heights requiring them to be compressed from top to bottom between said journal and said box floor; said cores under said top-to-bottom compression being distorted into arcuate positions across and within their individual planes with the outer core ends being at higher elevation adjacent said box walls than immediately, centrally under said journal; said yarn loops extending from the core ends spacing those ends from the box side walls.

3. The structure of claim 1 n which said yarn loops are of approximately equal lengths over the major areas of said core face areas, and are of shorter extending lengths along end portions of the cores.

4. The structure of claim 3 in which said shorter, extending yarn loops consist of lengths of yarn equal to those over said major area folded back a part of those area lengths onto the end portions of the core and secured to the core adjacent the folds thereof defining the extending lengths as those extending from the folds.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,888,944 Andreae Nov. 22, 1932 2,089,664 Ripley Aug. 10, 1937 FOREIGN PATENTS 39,246 Austria Oct. 11, 1909 561,091 Germany Oct. 10, 1932 

